Improving environmental conditions of a slum in Chandigarh by an awareness campaign
Methods: An intervention project, in the form of an environmental awareness campaign was conducted in a slum of Chandigarh with a population of about 40,000, from December 1998-April 1999. The activities enforced during this campaign included focus group discussions with general public and mothers, household visit by medical students, distribution of literature, use of mass media by involving local residents, primary child care workers, teachers and school children. Evaluation of this campaign was carried out in May 1999 and compared with the baseline data obtained from a survey done in 1997.
Findings: The study revealed that the method of storing water in covered buckets and utensils had improved significantly from 14.3% and 4.7% in the baseline survey to 35.2% (P<0,001) and 16.2% (P<0,01) respectively. Refuse disposal in the community bin and own bin had significantly improved to 22.2% (P<0.001) and 19%(P<0.01) from 8.4% and 11.2% respectively in the baseline survey. 51.2% of the residents using own bins disposed the refuse finally into the community bin. The use of community latrines had significantly increased among males (50.0%), females (47.7%) and children (41.2%) after intervention as compared to 32.8%, 32.5% and 16.7% respectively as found in the baseline survey (P<0.001) and similarly open defaecation had significantly reduced among them. Further the study shows that the awareness regarding diarrhoea as hazard of unsafe water had improved significantly from 28.7% in baseline survey to 55.6% after intervention (P<0.001). Knowledge of the residents regarding hazards of refuse disposal in the open and open defaecation had also improved significantly.
Simple environmental awareness campaign can change the knowledge and behavioural practices of slum dwellers and could be a model for launching similar projects in other slums of India and other developing countries.