Health Communication (from Danida - Communication and Development Euro-American Donor Seminar)
Presentation by Scott Ratzan, Senior Technical Adviser, USAID.
USAID has today increased its focus on communication, but there is still a tendency to give low priority to communication initiatives at the leadership level. Assistance from other donors could help to bring forward the idea that communication is important for development, according to Ratzan.
Today, USAID is working on the development of indicators to improve the monitoring and evaluation of health communication interventions. A scientific approach is being applied and emphasis is being put on including a range of factors, which determine and contribute to health, and hence not merely the medical system. Determinants include health polity, social economic and environmental influences and health behaviour and styles, including culture, beliefs, networks and norms.
USAID is thus moving away from the traditional focus on individual change behaviour to a holistic approach where the focus is placed on all the different environments (policies, social norms, physical environment, community and social environment etc.) that influence health.
Communication is viewed as central to influencing all the environments that contribute to health conditions and informed opinion and active co-operation is viewed as important in the improvement of health. Communication can help to show demands, needs and access with respect to health.
Ratzan additionally argued for increased investments in community communication and participation as opposed to investments in medical systems and infrastructure.
In general USAID health communication today aims to go beyond over-quantification and medical research and thus include communication strategies by applying an evidence based approach.
The strategies and targets proposed by USAID health communication include 3 steps or levels:
- Communication programmes at community level with focus on behavioural change,
- Country-level leadership to have the capacity to implement communication programmes and
- Integration of communication in larger campaigns.
The aim is to integrate the three steps/levels.
Ratzan additionally proposed that Communication Health Centres be established for the dissemination and gathering of knowledge and information. These should be linked to already existing institutions, like universities, and should be assisted by technical advisers to secure the quality of knowledge.
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